How to optimize cutting parameters for CBN inserts?
1. Cutting Speed
High Cutting Speed: CBN inserts can withstand high cutting speeds due to their excellent thermal stability. Start with speeds significantly higher than those used for carbide inserts.
Adjust Based on Material: For hardened steels, typical cutting speeds range from 100 to 300 meters per minute (m/min). For cast iron, speeds might range from 200 to 500 m/min.
Monitor Tool Wear: Continuously monitor tool wear and adjust speed accordingly to find the optimal balance between productivity and tool life.
2. Feed Rate
Moderate Feed Rate: Select a moderate feed rate to balance between material removal rate and surface finish quality. Excessively high feed rates can increase tool wear and risk of insert chipping.
Typical Values: Start with feed rates in the range of 0.1 to 0.3 millimeters per revolution (mm/rev). Adjust based on the specific material and machining requirements.
Surface Finish Consideration: Lower feed rates can improve surface finish, which is crucial for finishing operations.
3. Depth of Cut
Optimal Depth: Choose a depth of cut that maximizes material removal without compromising insert integrity. For roughing operations, deeper cuts can be used, while finishing operations require shallower cuts.
Typical Ranges: Roughing cuts can range from 0.5 to 2 millimeters, whereas finishing cuts are typically less than 0.5 millimeters.
Avoid Overloading: Excessive depth of cut can lead to increased cutting forces and potential insert failure.
4. Coolant Usage
Controlled Application: While CBN inserts can handle high temperatures, using coolant can help manage heat and prolong tool life. However, inconsistent application of coolant can cause thermal shock and damage the insert.
Types of Coolants: Use appropriate cutting fluids based on the material being machined. For instance, oil-based coolants are often preferred for hard steels.
5. Insert Geometry and Grade
Correct Geometry: Select the appropriate insert geometry (e.g., shape, nose radius, edge preparation) based on the specific application. For example, a larger nose radius can handle heavier cuts but may require higher cutting forces.
Grade Selection: Different CBN grades are optimized for different applications. Choose a grade designed for the specific material and cutting conditions.
6. Machine Tool Stability
Rigid Setup: Ensure the machine tool and setup are rigid to minimize vibrations, which can lead to insert chipping and poor surface finish.
Precision Fixturing: Use precise fixturing to maintain the stability and accuracy of the machining process.
Example Starting Parameters:
Material: Hardened steel (~60 HRC)
Cutting Speed: 150 m/min
Feed Rate: 0.15 mm/rev
Depth of Cut: 0.3 mm
Coolant: Light application of oil-based coolant
By carefully selecting and adjusting these parameters, you can optimize the performance of CBN inserts, achieving efficient machining processes, superior surface finishes, and extended tool life.
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